Educational ideas and professional knowledge and ability that an excellent
military instructor must be require

Chen,Baosheng

Abstract¡G
1.The teaching idea of the 21st century is focused on students,which i
s the primary subject of school education. The military instructors mu
st hold the ideas that students and teaching are top priority and take
 students' interest, need and ability into consideration, valuing thei
r individual personality and giving them appropriate education. Theref
ore, the students can study happily and have healthy development while
 learn how to deal with others and how to study. 
2.For military instructors, the key of teaching lies on knowing the go
lden triangle of successful teaching. The golden triangle including at
titude, methods and environment are critical factors that have great i
nfluence on teaching effects.   
3.Having good teaching quality and effects is meaningful to military i
nstructors. The so-called meaningful teaching refers to having goals, 
plans and discipline in teaching process. As a result, the teaching qu
ality can be assured and the teaching work is meaningful and worthful.
4.The way of developing the professional knowledge and ability for mil
itary directors requires four important conditions of successful teach
ing inclusive of the requirements of being military instructors, the p
reparation before class, the ways of achieving effective teaching, and
 the problems necessar to be tracked after class. Through reinforcing 
those requirements, the teaching goal and effects could be achieved ef
fectively. 
5.What education needs is just love and lead. The progress of educatio
n is the adventure for teachers and students grow together as well as 
a touching learning experience. The military instructors play the role
s of lead¡Aencourage, consult and communication, above all, the crucia
l participants of life of their students. However, it is important to 
understand the education process of new generation is different from t
he one dimension teaching of cramming in the fashion of force-feeding 
way in the past as highly effective military directors. On the contrar
y, they have to concern about the students' need to meet the trend and
 stress the idea of class administration, the teaching form of bilater
al interaction.




I.Preface
The function of education, in a work,is to make students to understand
 themselves well, to explore their potential,to develop their ability 
of making living, to provide all kinds of talents for national constru
ction and social development, or to pass down cultural heritage to acc
umulate human experience, further to encourage people to examine the s
tate of play and future way of our civilization in order to awake the 
will to create new culture(Eduard Spranger, German educator and philos
opher).
With the oncoming of 21st century, the teaching idea of 21 new century
 focuses on students who are the basis of school education. The milita
ry instructors must hold the ideas that students and teaching are top 
priority. All the educational measures and deeds of schools are based 
on students¡¦ interest, need and ability, valuing their individual per
sonality and giving them appropriate knowledge. Therefore, the student
s can study happily and have healthy development while learn how to de
al with others and how to study.
Education is the great undertaking of rearing People for a Hundred Yea
rs;therefore, the success or failure of our school education is crucia
l to the manpower quality of military forces and the future developmen
t of fighting strength of the Navy. Especially for the military instru
ctors engaged in teaching in this rapidly changing age, they should me
et the trend to establish new thought and educational idea and teach w
ith forward-looking and practical teaching ways. When facing with youn
g students of E generation, the military instructors should put emphas
is on the human-based spirit. In addition to value the students'indivi
duality, they have to stre-ngthen their specialty energetically, even 
to inspire the participation of military faculty while supporting the 
school administrative system and the resource of community as to impro
ve the educational quality to develop excellent navy force.
II.Establish educational idea of new generation
The Indian philosopher Krishnamurti said that the true education helps
 people being mature and free to produce love and goodness. The school
 education sho-uld hold the student-centered idea and combine the disc
iplinal goal of practical training. The environment, facility, setting
 arrangement, course invention and design, editing and selection of te
aching materials, and activity plan in school are all supposed to fit 
in with students' different ability, interest and need. The school sho
uld value the individuality of students and teach with the spirit of d
iversity and in accordance with students' aptitude to protect their ri
ght of receiving education, developing their multiple intelligence and
 motif for achievement and building up learning confidence and militar
y virtues. In addition, the school also has to respect the professiona
l autonomy and growth of the military instructors and help them to rei
nforce their professional knowledge and ability to establish teachers'
 status and image. The followings are the teaching cognition that a mi
litary instructor requires:
1.The golden triangle of successful teaching:
For military instructors, the key of teaching successfully lies on kno
wing the golden triangle of successful teaching. The golden triangle i
ncluding attitude, methods and environment are critical factors that h
ave great influence on teaching effects.
(1)Attitude:
The index of successful teaching is equal to ability multiplies by att
itude.
During the teaching process, helping the students to set up correct le
arning attitude is priority. Otherwise, the devotion of the military i
nstructors is just waste and meaningless. If a student is good at lear
ning but has passive attitude without will to learn, the index of succ
essful teaching from the military instructors could decrease. Conseque
ntly, establishment of correct learning attitude of students has great
 impact on the teaching effects and is the significant issue for the m
ilitary instructors to think about.
(2)Methods:
Dr. Sun Yet-san said that knowledge comes from learning and makes meth
ods.
Therefore, the acquisition of methods has its own way to follow. It is
 understood that the teaching effects are closely relative to the appr
opriate teaching methods. In fact, the methods mean the factors of sys
tem, skills and training. Therefore, it is important to establish prac
tical teaching methods and skills and encouraging the students to appl
y correct learning approach after think it twice, so to make them lear
n the knowledge taught by teachers and inspire their learning spirit a
nd life attitude of knowing how to learn. In addition, developing this
 ability of students is the profound goal that modern military instruc
tors have to understand.
(3)Environment:
The story of the thrice changing house of Mencius's mother tells us th
at the good environment makes a good person and vise versa, all referr
ing to the influence of environment on people.As for modern society, e
nvironment not only represents that the military instructors have to c
reate a good and happy surrounding and atmosphere for learning, the so
-called ¡§class administration¡¨ but also means the management of time
 and good reading habits. In other words, the students can learn under
 the pleasant circumstances while knowing to take advantage of time an
d develop good learning habits. During this learning process, although
 the teaching effects of the military instructors could not achieve ex
cellence, the possibility of teaching failure absolutely would decreas
e.
To sum up, if the military instructors can help the students to set up
 correct learning attitude and create pleasant learning environment, m
aking good use of teaching methods and skills as well as guiding them 
to apply appropriate reading approach and preserve in doing it, the te
aching effects will yield twice the result with half the effort.
2.Meaningful teaching idea:
Having good teaching quality(means the compatible degree of teaching e
ffects and goals)and effects is meaningful teaching to military instru
ctors. The so-called meaningful teaching refers to having goals, plans
 and discipline in teaching process.As a result, the teaching quality 
can be assured and the teaching work is meaningful and worthful.
(1)Setting up goals:
During the teaching process, the military instructors have to establis
h explicit and concrete teaching goals closely related to the followin
g.
1.What kind of ability do you expect the students to have after learni
ng?
2.How do you evaluate the results of students' learning at the end of 
the course?  
There are few simple and clear points when discussing the goal managem
ent of teaching based on the ¡§Goal Management¡¨theory.
(a)What for:
Setting up goals. To establish different learning targets according to
 students' ability and level to know well the individuality and apply 
the suitable teaching methods.
(b)Why:
To inspire students' learning motives effectively in order to enhance 
their interest and will of learning, further increasing the teaching q
uality and effects substantially.
(c)How:
To own abundant disciplinary specialty and educational knowledge and a
bility as well as to have the adaptable reaction to respond to the rap
id change of the trend.
(d)Final confirmation:
Referring to make judgments about whether the teaching reach the estab
lished goals or not, the so-called¡§teaching evaluation¡¨. Through the
 results of teaching evaluation, the teachers can make diagnosis and r
emediable teaching to put the teaching goals into effect.
(2)Plans:
1.What are plans?
(a)The decision making process of achieving different learning goals a
ccording to different students.
(b)The decision making model of teaching develops from the solid basis
 of relative teaching knowledge and ability.
2.How to plan?
(a)To know well the content of the course and be aware of the possible
 learning obstacles the student might face while planning all necessar
 assistant learning equipment so as to properly prepare and design the
 courses.
(b)To understand the students clearly enough to know well their charac
teristics. For example, what kind of personality do they have? What do
 they know about the course content? To what extent do they realize ab
out it?
(c)the purpose of plans:
The purpose of plans lies on setting up teaching goals. In addition to
 help the students learn effectively, the pl-ans can assist the milita
ry instructors to formulate proper course design according to the pers
onality of the students and make the best decision making model of tea
ching.
(3)Discipline:
Discipline means the timely and proper classroom management which is e
ssential base of effective teaching as well as one of the common jobs 
that teachers and students share together. The military instructors sh
ould surely be familiar with the skills of classroom management, deal 
with, and solve all kinds of problems relating to people and affairs i
n the classroom by means of appropriate measures.Therefore,the teacher
s and students can get along well with each other and the classroom ca
n provide an effectively learning environment,forming a happy paradise
 for students to raise their interest and efficiency for learning. At 
the same time,the students would accept the military instructors' inst
ruction in calm and pleasant mood
and heighten the entire teaching effec-ts.
III.Develop professional teaching knowledge and ability
Since the trend changes rapidly, the only way to catch up with it is c
hanging. If the military instructors still stay in the past and think 
that the knowledge or precious experiences they had in the past can pr
ovide the students as future guidance that is irresponsible teaching a
ttitude. Therefore, the military directors must continue to enhance th
eir teaching ability, because their teaching confidence and success de
rive from well understanding and use of their teaching technique and s
trategy. Furthermore, they have to adopt different and proper teaching
 in accordance with different courses. Once the military instructors l
ack for preparation and teach without proper teaching methods, they wi
ll cause waste of all the students' time and educational resources, pu
tting great influence on the teaching effects.
However, how do the military instructors effectively achieve the teach
ing goals and effects? What kind of teaching skills should they be req
uired? Here are personal theories from what the author had learned¡Xco
mbine the principle of self-help from the ten war principles of The Ar
t of War by Sun Tzu and the control theories of norm cost management m
ethod and budgetary management method¡Xand practical teaching experien
ce, providing four basically essential factors below(please see the fl
owchart as the attached table) as reference to the preparation for pro
fessional teaching knowledge and ability for the military instructors.
(1)The requirements for the military instructors:
1.Abundant disciplinary specialty and educational knowledge and abilit
y:
To be familiar with the teaching content and have educational knowledg
e and ability to teach, for examples, the teaching principles and appr
oaches, the principles and approaches of teaching design and the theor
ies and strategies of class administration.
2.Good ability of expression, communication and reaction Since ancient
 time, the teachers propagated doctrines of the ancient sages, taught 
and resolved doubts by means of passing the words¡Aall relative to the
 oral expression. Moreover, the language mastery of the military instr
uctors will change and influence unobtrusively and imperceptibly on th
e language ability of the students. As a result, it is understood that
 the linguistic art is crucial to the military instructors.
3.Healthy body, mind and enthusiasm for teaching:
The military instructors must have normal and healthy body and mind to
 guide the right development of students' personality. Meanwhile, if t
he military instructors do not have enthusiasm for teaching, all teach
ing activities will lose the positive meaning. Without enthusiasm, goo
d relation between teachers and students could not be established.
4.Application of consultation and counsel:
The application of consultation and counsel aims at confronting with t
he individuality of the students or finding out problem students as so
on as possible in order to assist and counsel them to solve problems l
ike schoolwork, mental and behavioral deviation.
(2)Adequate preparation before cla-ss:
1.Collect and realize information about students.
2.Decide or adjust the teaching goal according to the levels of studen
ts.
3.Design the summary of teaching content based on teaching goal.
4.Choose appropriate teaching methods according to the summary of the 
teaching content.
5.Comprehensive plans of people (numbers of students, demonstration of
 the military directors), circumstances (teaching themes, points, and 
medium design), time (teaching hours), location (arrangement of classr
ooms) and materials (real or mimic accoutrements, assistant equipment)
.  
(3)Effective teaching in class:
1.Adopt touching introductory remarks to attract the attention of stud
ents.
2.Use body language to make teaching active and lively.
3.Arouse old experience to guide positive learning shift by means of t
aking examples.
4.Make good use of teaching medium to present teaching content to stre
n-gthen learning effects.
5.Cope with problems to inspire ideas and have brilliant and respectfu
l appraise to increase learning achievement.
6.Stress on enlightening or repetition of key points with powerful end
ing.
(4)Consistent tracking after class:
1.Practice learning evaluation on students at the learning stages.
2.Practice self-teaching estimate according to the results of learning
 evaluation.
3.Examine and improve the teaching materials according to the results 
of learning evaluation.
IV.Summary
What education needs is just love and lead. The progress of education 
is the adventure for teachers and students grow together as well as a 
touching learning experience. The military instructors play the roles 
of leadership¡Aencourage, consult and communicate, above all, the cruc
ial participants of life of their students. However, it is important t
o understand the education process of new generation which is differen
t from the one dimension teaching of cramming in the fashion of force-
feeding way in the past as highly effective military instructors. On t
he contrary, they have to concern about the students' need to meet the
 trend and stress the idea of class management, the teaching form of m
utual interaction.
However, as to class administration, the priority lies on the relation
ship between teachers and students. For in the teaching process, we no
t only emphasize the professional skills and ability of the military i
nstructors but also value their teaching methods and communication abi
lity, so that they can truly build up harmonious and good relationship
 with the students. Once the harmonious relationship is established be
tween teachers and students, it means that the students are willing to
 trust and respect the military instructors, further are glad to coope
rate to achieve the teaching goal set by the military directors. There
fore, the military instructors have to know what to teach (teaching co
ntent) as well as how to teach (teaching skills and ability). In addit
ion, they have to continue to innovate, change and examine themselves 
into perfection so as to carry out the teaching effects and become a r
eal excellent military instructor.
V.References
1.The concept of golden triangle of successful teaching quoted from th
e idea of learning golden triangle in the chapter one of The Ways of M
ost Effective Learning written by Davis.
2.The concept of meaningful teaching quoted from Chang, Chung-mou's le
cture about ¡§Systematic Life Learning¡¨ held by the Common wealth-Tai
wan's leading magazine.
3.Part of conclusion quoted from the article The skills that a good te
acher requires written by YANG, Jin-cheng.